- The wage gap between Canadian-born and immigrants is larger for adults with more education - Both Canadian-born and immigrant women consistently earn less than their male counterparts. Female immigrants – specifically, recent immigrants – with less education are the worst off - The unemployment rates for all immigrants are higher than for the Canadian-born at every level of education, despite similar participation rates in the labour market. - Immigrant women with college and university education have the lowest unemployment rates of all immigrant women. For immigrant men, the lowest unemployment rates occur for men who have trades qualifications. - Across all age groups, the largest differences in unemployment and participation rates between Canadian-born and immigrant adults are found among those with a university degree.