This research is a retrospective longitudinal study of service use and employment and housing patterns for a group of individuals who have experienced episodic homelessness in order to compare the costs of homelessness with the costs and benefits of appropriate services. The study will track the service use, housing and employment patterns and estimate the related costs for 100 formerly episodically homeless individuals in Toronto comprised of youth and immigrants. It will compare the costs incurred by these individuals when episodically homeless and receiving 'homeless' services and the costs and benefits of being stabilized and receiving appropriate services for a total period of approximately four years.