This study extends past research by examining the mediating role of cognitive and social resilience in the domestic violence–anxiety relation. Mediation is tested on a sample of 100 impoverished women from the Women’s Health Outcomes in Urban and Rural Environments (Women’s HOUR) Study. Regression analysis and structural equation modeling provide consistent support for the proposed model: poor women’s violence experience impairs support and self-esteem, which in turn influences their anxiety levels. Results demonstrate the dynamic role impaired resilience may play in the violence process, highlighting implications for research, practice, and policy at the nexus of violence and poverty.