In almost every community in the United States, there is a troubling population of severely mentally ill individuals who are ineffectively served by resource-poor community mental health programs. These individuals frequently relapse and are rehospitalized (1–3), in many cases because their treatment is complicated by nonadherence. They frequently, and often unsuccessfully, interact with many other services and agencies—substance abuse treatment programs, civil and criminal courts, police, jails and prisons, emergency medical facilities, social welfare agencies, and public housing authorities (4–7). Some, while visibly ill, never seek or are engaged in any form of treatment. (Authors)