This study examines gender differences and how well various forms of trauma and social support predict homeless substance abusers' tenure in the community without rehospitalization. Researchers analyzed sexual and physical abuses at different stages of participants' lives, combat exposure, and recent traumatic along with social support factors via Cox's proportional hazard model of survival in a 2-year follow-up. The survival models showed similarities and dissimilarities in predictors of tenure in the community for women compared to men among homeless veterans. Traumata and related factors (e.g., depression and suicidal thoughts) were more potent (negative) predictors of tenure, and family and friends were more important social supports, for women than for men. Men's tenure was more positively associated with job satisfaction and more negatively related to substance abuse, combat exposure, cognitive impairments, aggression, and physical health problems. The intervention implications of these findings are discussed. (Authors)