This report, and a companion study to be released in early 2009, explore the most recent evidence on the relationship between income, a key social determinant of health, and important health outcomes in Canada. The two papers also examine access to and utilization of health services at different income levels. We focus on the relationship between income and health outcomesi using the most recent evidence available from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). Conducted in 2005, the CCHS is only large scale survey of the health of the Canadian population. The companion report will focus on the differences in health outcomes experienced among three distinct groups: the working poor, the non-working poor and the non-poor. The focus in both studies is on health equity. This research capitalizes on the availability of individual micro-data files data through Statistics Canada‟s Research Data Centres, which permits users to conduct research with confidential data from survey master files. This has a number of advantages: it permits analysis using key variables not usually available yet significant from a social determinants of health perspective. Secondly, it allows for comprehensiveness. Rather than focus on one or a few health indicators we have explored a comprehensive set of health and health care utilization indicators. Lastly, the large sample size of the CCHS (over 130,000) allows for precise and robust estimates, including multivariate regression analysis with observations at the level of the individual.. The time period that this research examines is also significant. The survey data represent the health of Canadian‟s population in 2005, close to the peak of the economic cycle. In 2005 the unemployment rate in Canada was 6.8 percent, among the lowest in recent history and close to the 6.0 percent rate achieved in 2007.